Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Farhat Author-Name-First: Dan Author-Name-Last: Farhat Author-Email: dan.farhat@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: The Economics of Vampires: An Agent-based Perspective Abstract: Vampires are a prominent feature of modern culture. Past research identifies the ecological and economic relationship between vampires and living humans under the assumption that 'representative agents' are capable of characterising entire communities. Whether populations of individuals can coordinate themselves sufficiently or not to achieve the same outcomes as the representative agent is not addressed. The purpose of this study is to create a human-vampire ecosystem using artificial social simulation. An agent-based computational model is constructed in which heterogeneous vampire and human individuals engage in one-on-one interaction within a virtual landscape. These interactions result in the emergence of aggregate-level phenomena. Simulating alternative virtual economies under different model calibrations shows under what conditions these emergent phenomena are similar to those produced by the representative agents in previous studies. This article contends that growing human-vampire economies can shed light on an array of social and economic issues even if vampires never existed at all. Length: 23 pages Creation-Date: 2013-01 Revision-Date: 2013-01 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076635.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1301 Classification-JEL: C63, J10, P0 Keywords: economics of vampires, agent-based modelling, artificial social simulation Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1301 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Farhat Author-Name-First: Dan Author-Name-Last: Farhat Author-Email: dan.farhat@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: An Agent-based Model of Interdisciplinary Science and the Evolution of Scientific Research Networks Abstract: This study proposes an agent-based model of the impact of research success on the structure of scientific communities. In the model, heterogeneous scientists scattered about a ‘social landscape’ influence each other through networking. Peer networks are allowed to change based on the accumulated achievements (or prestige) of researchers. The dynamics of these networks are illustrated. The framework is then adjusted to allow for interdisciplinary practices (modelled as network links to more distant peers on the social landscape). Separate disciplines are shown to collapse into a single, large scientific network. Managing growing research networks, therefore, becomes a concern. Length: 12 pages Creation-Date: 2013-01 Revision-Date: 2013-01 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076636.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1302 Classification-JEL: A14, B49, Z13 Keywords: Agent-based modelling, evolution of academic networks, interdisciplinary science, sociology of science Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1302 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred A. Haug Author-Name-First: Alfred A. Author-Name-Last: Haug Author-Email: alfred.haug@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: On Real Interest Rate Persistence: The Role of Breaks Abstract: The role of structural breaks in long spans of ex-post real interest rates for ten industrialized countries is studied. First, the persistence of the real interest is assessed with newly proposed low-frequency tests of Muller and Watson (2008). Second, the test of Leybourne et al. (2007) for a change in persistence of a time-series is applied to the real interest rate. The results show that real interest rates over the full sample period do not fit a covariance-stationary or unit-root model, nor a fractionally-integrated, near-unit-root or local-level model. Instead, the persistence of real rates changes over time and there are periods when the real rate is covariance stationary and other periods when it follows a unit root process. Length: 18 pages Creation-Date: 2013-01 Revision-Date: 2013-01 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076637.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1303 Classification-JEL: E43, C22 Keywords: Real interest rates, persistence of a time series, breaks in persistence Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1303 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nathan Berg Author-Name-First: Nathan Author-Name-Last: Berg Author-Email: nathan.berg@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Todd Gabel Author-Name-First: Todd Author-Name-Last: Gabel Author-Email: tgabel@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics and Finance, Middle Tennessee State University Title: Effects of New Welfare Reform Strategies on Welfare Participation: Microdata Estimates from Canada Abstract: This paper introduces newly coded information describing province- and year-specific variation in work requirements, diversion, earning exemptions, and time limits. This new information reveals a large decline in the chance of welfare participation of at least 1.1 percentage points (9.2% relative to the unconditional mean rate of participation) associated with stringent combinations of those four new welfare reforms, even after controlling for benefit levels, eligibility requirements, province-specific GDP growth and unemployment. These results replicate previous findings based on aggregate data and extend them with controls for individual-level characteristics. Microdata with individual-level characteristics enable estimates of the effects of new welfare reforms on 46 subpopulations, suggesting that immigrants, native Canadians, single parents and disabled people were far more effected by provinces' aggressive new attempts to limit welfare participation than other Canadians receiving social assistance. Length: 45 pages Creation-Date: 2013-02 Revision-Date: 2013-02 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076638.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1304 Classification-JEL: H53, I38 Keywords: Social Assistance, SLID, PRWORA, TANF, Work Requirements, Diversion, Earnings Exemptions, Time Limits, Natural Experiments Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1304 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Fielding Author-Name-First: David Author-Name-Last: Fielding Author-Email: david.fielding@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Chris Hajzler Author-Name-First: Chris Author-Name-Last: Hajzler Author-Email: chris.hajzler@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: Comment on Relative Price Variability and Inflation in Reinganum's Consumer Search Model Abstract: There is now a large empirical literature on the effect of the aggregate inflation rate on (i) the dispersion of prices across goods or locations (relative price variability, or RPV) and (ii) the dispersion of inflation rates across goods or locations (relative inflation variability, or RIV). In the early part of this literature, empirical modelling is explicitly based on theoretical macroeconomic models incorporating signal extraction problems. However, more recent empirical research is less directly connected to theory, and several authors report results that are inconsistent with signal extraction models. In particular, while RIV is increasing in the absolute value of inflation shocks, RPV is a negative monotonic function of inflation shocks. In this paper, we show that such a result is predicted by consumer search models in the style of Reinganum (1979). A proper understanding of the dynamics of price dispersion in 21st century economies will require a renewed interest in the theoretical foundations of empirical models. Length: 20 pages Creation-Date: 2013-03 Revision-Date: 2013-03 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076639.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1305 Keywords: Relative Price Variability; Inflation; Search models Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1305 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Farhat Author-Name-First: Dan Author-Name-Last: Farhat Author-Email: dan.farhat@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Disease and Economic Malady: A First Look Using Search Engine Query Data Abstract: Using search engine query data as a measure for public awareness of sexual health outcomes, this study extracts a measure of general interest in sexually transmitted disease for the United States (2004 - 2012). This trend is compared to a measure of overall economic prosperity. Heightened interest in STDs isshown to have occurred during the recent recession (December 2007 - June 2009). It is hypothesized that potential changes in insurance coverage as workers become unemployed may increase instances of online self-diagnosis of STDs. Select data imply that an increase in the tendency to search for STD information online occurs after alternative insurance options are explored. Data also imply that interest in behavioral alternatives to treating STDs rises after interest in STDs rise (and not at the onset ofthe economic slump). This paper identifies broad trends and points to using search engine query data to connect health awareness to the state of the economy as a lucrative area of future research. Length: 11 pages Creation-Date: 2013-03 Revision-Date: 2013-03 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076640.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1306 Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Fielding Author-Name-First: David Author-Name-Last: Fielding Author-Email: david.fielding@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: How Much Does Women's Empowerment Influence their Wellbeing? Evidence from Africa Abstract: One of the eight Millennium Development Goals is to 'promote gender equality and empower women.' However, only 1% of official foreign aid is currently spent on gender equality and human rights. Using individual-level survey data from 39 villages in northern Senegal, we model the effects that freedom within the home have on married women's subjective wellbeing. We find the direct effects on wellbeing to be of a similar magnitude to the direct effects of consumption, education and morbidity. These results suggest the need for a review of aid allocation priorities. Length: 39 pages Creation-Date: 2013-04 Revision-Date: 2013-04 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076641.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1307 Classification-JEL: O15; J12; I15 Keywords: wellbeing; health; women's empowerment Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nathan Berg Author-Name-First: Nathan Author-Name-Last: Berg Author-Email: nathan.berg@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: G. Biele Author-Name-First: G. Author-Name-Last: Biele Author-Name: Gerd Gigerenzer Author-Name-First: Gerd Author-Name-Last: Gigerenzer Title: Does Consistency Predict Accuracy of Beliefs?: Economists Surveyed About PSA Abstract: When economists' subjective beliefs about the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test are internally consistent (i.e., satisfying Bayes' Rule), their beliefs about prostate cancer risk are less accurate than among those with inconsistent beliefs. Using a loss function framework, we investigate but cannot find evidence that inconsistent beliefs lead to inaccuracy, different PSA decisions, or economic losses. Economists' PSA decisions appear to depend much more on the advice of doctors and family members than on beliefs about cancer risks and the pros/cons of PSA testing, which have little to no joint explanatory power. Length: 40 pages Creation-Date: 2013-04 Revision-Date: 2013-04 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076642.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1308 Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: P. Dorian Owen Author-Name-First: P. Dorian Author-Name-Last: Owen Author-Email: dorian.owen@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Nicholas King Author-Name-First: Nicholas Author-Name-Last: King Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: Competitive Balance Measures in Sports Leagues: The Effects of Variation in Season Length Abstract: Appropriate measurement of competitive balance is a cornerstone of the economic analysis of professional sports leagues. We examine the distributional properties of the ratio of standard deviations (RSD) of points percentages, the most widely used measure of competitive balance in the sports economics literature, in comparison with other standard-deviation-based measures. Simulation methods are used to evaluate the effects of changes in season length on the distributions of competitive balance measures for different distributions of the strengths of teams in a league. The popular RSD measure performs as expected only in cases of perfect balance; if there is imbalance in team strengths, its distribution is very sensitive to changes in season length. This has important implications for comparisons of competitive balance for different sports leagues with different numbers of teams and/or games played. Length: 39 pages Creation-Date: 2013-07 Revision-Date: 2013-07 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076643.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1309 Classification-JEL: L83, D63, C63 Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Sarah Baird Author-Name-First: Sarah Author-Name-Last: Baird Author-Email: sarah.baird@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Erick Gong Author-Name-First: Erick Author-Name-Last: Gong Author-Email: egong@middlebury.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Middlebury College Author-Name: Craig McIntosh Author-Name-First: Craig Author-Name-Last: McIntosh Author-Email: ctmcintosh@ucsd.edu Author-Workplace-Name: School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, UC San Diego Author-Name: Berk Ozler Author-Name-First: Berk Author-Name-Last: Ozler Author-Email: berk.ozler@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: The Heterogeneous Effects of HIV Testing Abstract: An extensive multi-disciplinary literature examines the effects of learning one’s HIV status on subsequent risky sexual behaviors. However, many of these studies rely on nonexperimental designs; use self-reported outcome measures, or both. In this study, we investigate the effects of a randomly assigned Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) intervention on risky sexual behaviors and schooling investments among school-age females in Malawi. We find no overall effects on HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2), or test scores at follow-up. However, receiving a HIV-positive test result causes a large increase in the probability of contracting HSV-2, with stronger effects among those surprised by the HIV-positive test results. Similarly, those surprised by HIV-negative test results see a significant improvement in achievement test scores, consistent with increased returns to investments in human capital. We view the finding on increased HSV-2 prevalence among HIV-positive individuals as a caution to the conventional wisdom that those who learn they are HIV-positive will adopt safer sexual practices. Length: 33 pages Creation-Date: 2013-07 Revision-Date: 2013-07 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076645pdf.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1310 Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: P. Dorian Owen Author-Name-First: P. Dorian Author-Name-Last: Owen Author-Email: dorian.owen@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: Measurement of Competitive Balance and Uncertainty of Outcome Length: 37 pages Creation-Date: 2013-08 Revision-Date: 2013-08 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076646.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1311 Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Hansen Author-Name-First: Paul Author-Name-Last: Hansen Author-Email: paul.hansen@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Nicole Kergozou Author-Name-First: Nicole Author-Name-Last: Kergozou Author-Email: nikki.kergozou@rbnz.govt.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Reserve Bank of New Zealand Author-Name: Stephen Knowles Author-Name-First: Stephen Author-Name-Last: Knowles Author-Email: stephen.knowles@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Paul Thorsnes Author-Name-First: Paul Author-Name-Last: Thorsnes Author-Email: paul.thorsnes@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: Developing countries in need: Which characteristics appeal most to people when donating money? Abstract: A discrete choice experiment was conducted to discover the relative importance of five characteristics of developing countries, as suggested by the literature, considered by people when choosing countries to donate money to. The experiment was administered via an online survey involving almost 700 student participants (potential donors) from a New Zealand university. The most important recipient-country characteristic for participants on average is hunger and malnutrition (a weight of 0.29), followed by child mortality (0.24), quality of infrastructure (0.21), income per capita (0.18), and, least importantly, ties to New Zealand (0.09). A cluster analysis of participants' individual `part-worth utilities' representing the relative importance of the country characteristics reveals they are not strongly correlated with participants' demographic characteristics. Our findings overall indicate that to maximise the donations they receive, non-governmental aid organisations are better to focus their marketing efforts on emphasising country characteristics associated with hunger, malnutrition and child mortality than other things. Length: 35 pages Creation-Date: 2013-09 Revision-Date: 2013-09 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/research/otago076647.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1312 Classification-JEL: A13, C91, D64, O1 Keywords: foreign aid, charitable giving, discrete choice experiment, conjoint analysis, PAPRIKA method Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred A. Haug Author-Name-First: Alfred A. Author-Name-Last: Haug Author-Email: alfred.haug@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Tomasz Jedrzejowicz Author-Name-First: Tomasz Author-Name-Last: Jedrzejowicz Author-Email: Tomasz.Jedrzejowicz@nbp.pl Author-Workplace-Name: National Bank of Poland Author-Name: Anna Sznajderska Author-Name-First: Anna Author-Name-Last: Sznajderska Author-Email: Anna.Sznajderska@nbp.pl Author-Workplace-Name: National Bank of Poland Title: Combining Monetary and Fiscal Policy in an SVAR for a Small Open Economy Abstract: This paper combines a monetary structural vector-autoregression (SVAR)with a fiscal SVAR for Poland. Fiscal foresight, in the form of implementation lags, is accounted for with respect to both discretionary government spending and tax changes. We demonstrate the importance of combining monetary and fiscal transmission mechanisms. However, ignoring fiscal foresight has no statistically significant effects. We calculate an initial government spending multiplier of 0.14, which later peaks at 0.48. The tax multiplier is close to zero. We also find that monetary policy in Poland transmits mainly through the real sector, that is through real GDP and the real exchange rate. Length: 39 pages Creation-Date: 2013-10 Revision-Date: 2013-10 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/otago111192.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1313 Classification-JEL: E52, E62, C51 Keywords: Structural vector autoregressions, monetary and fiscal policy, fiscal foresight, narrative approach Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Nathan Berg Author-Name-First: Nathan Author-Name-Last: Berg Author-Email: nathan.berg@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Jeong-Yoo Kim Author-Name-First: Jeong-Yoo Author-Name-Last: Kim Author-Email: jyookim@khu.ac.kr Author-Workplace-Name: Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Title: Prohibition of Riba and Gharar: A signaling and screening explanation? Abstract: The emergence of Islamic Banks (IBs) with Sharia boards that restrict the set of permissible products and enforce prohibition of riba and gharar raises basic questions of how IB clients benefit by choosing financial services from a restricted menu of possibly higher-cost cash flows. Norms that restrict choice sets or impose otherwise harsh requirements would seem to act as a potential barrier to religious identification by raising costs for IB clients. Contrary to this intuition, a theoretical model demonstrates that premium financing costs and substantial restrictions on the set of financing options considered to be Sharia-compliant provide signaling technology that benefit IB clients who are highly pious. By revealing what would otherwise remain private information about one's intensity of religious piety, the signaling technology then provides a screening service, enabling high-piety types to separate and concentrate their social and commercial interaction with others who are similarly pious. Iannaccone (1992) demonstrates a rationale for harsh norms as a mechanism for reducing free-riding in the supply of club goods. In contrast, the model in this paper shows that piety can be signaled by the act of choosing to become an IB client and bearing the costs of restricted choice sets and premium pricing for financial products. This provides a new rationalization for prohibition of riba and gharar as a stable institution. Signaling piety is especially valuable in environments where piety is uncertain and otherwise diffcult for others to observe. The model predicts that IBs' Sharia-compliance criteria will tend to be stricter and IB premiums larger in places where the proportion of highly pious Muslims is small. Length: 39 pages Creation-Date: 2013-11 Revision-Date: 2013-11 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/otago111193.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1314 Classification-JEL: D72 Keywords: Islamic, bank, norms, piety, devout, loyalty, screening, signaling Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1314 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Trenton G. Smith Author-Name-First: Trenton G. Author-Name-Last: Smith Author-Email: trent.smith@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Attila Tasnadi Author-Name-First: Attila Author-Name-Last: Tasnadi Author-Email: attila.tasnadi@uni-corvinus.hu Author-Workplace-Name: Corvinus University of Budapest Title: The Economics of Information, Deep Capture, and the Obesity Debate Length: 19 pages Creation-Date: 2013-11 Revision-Date: 2013-11 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/otago111194.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1315 Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Alfred A. Haug Author-Name-First: Alfred A. Author-Name-Last: Haug Author-Email: alfred.haug@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Vincent C. Blackburn Author-Name-First: Vincent C. Author-Name-Last: Blackburn Author-Email: vincent.blackburn@det.nsw.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Finance and Investment New South Wales, Department of Education and Communities Title: Efficiency Aspects of Government Secondary School Finances in New South Wales: Results from a Two-Stage Double-Bootstrap DEA at the School Level Abstract: This study measures the efficiency of government secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia, using a recently developed methodology of two-stage semi-parametric modeling. In contrast to previous research comparing school performance, we control for prior academic achievement of students by looking at the changes in academic achievements over a two year period, at the school level, from 2008 to 2010, and employ detailed financial data for deriving the envelope for the production frontier of the schools. Using Simar and Wilson's (2007) double bootstrap procedure for data envelopment analysis (DEA), the study finds that schools with higher student retention rates, higher total student numbers, boys or girls only, and selective admissions do better than other schools. On the other hand, a negative influence comes from a school's location in provincial and outer metropolitan areas, a higher ratio of disadvantaged students at a school, and a school's specialization in areas such as languages, performing arts, sports, etc. A surprising result is that the socio-economic characteristics of the families of students attending the school has no significant effect on their academic performance, nor does the average of the years of service of the teachers at a specific school. Length: 29 pages Creation-Date: 2013-11 Revision-Date: 2013-11 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/otago111195.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1316 Classification-JEL: C44, C61, H53, I21, I22 Keywords: Two-stage data envelopment analysis; double-bootstrap; efficiency of high schools in New South Wales, Australia. Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Kim Economides Author-Name-First: Kim Author-Name-Last: Economides Author-Email: kim.economides@flinders.edu.au Author-Workplace-Name: Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Author-Name: Alfred A. Haug Author-Name-First: Alfred A. Author-Name-Last: Haug Author-Email: alfred.haug@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Joe McIntyre Author-Name-First: Joe Author-Name-Last: McIntyre Author-Email: jmcintyre@tru.ca Author-Workplace-Name: Thompson Rivers University, BC, Canada Title: Are Courts Slow? Exposing and Measuring the Invisible Determinants of Case Disposition Time Abstract: This article analyses civil case disposition time by developing hypotheses to explain behavioral and structural determinants of so-called 'delay' and suggesting a novel methodology ('Echronometrics') to account for factors, operating at both macro and micro socio-economic levels, that influence the behavior and outputs of civil courts. Our proposed methodology includes more relevant variables, and specifies their interdependence, thus offering a more powerful explanatory tool for future empirical research to account for and measure the complex interactions of time and cost in civil trials Length: 44 pages Creation-Date: 2013-11 Revision-Date: 2013-11 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/otago111196.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1317 Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: David Fielding Author-Name-First: David Author-Name-Last: Fielding Author-Email: david.fielding@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Author-Name: Stephen Knowles Author-Name-First: Stephen Author-Name-Last: Knowles Author-Email: stephen.knowles@otago.ac.nz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Otago, New Zealand Title: Can You Spare Some Change For Charity? Experimental Evidence On Verbal Cues And Loose Change Effects In A Dictator Game Abstract: There is some evidence from field studies and natural experiments that levels of charitable donation depend on the method in which donations are solicited. There is also some experimental evidence that spending on private consumption depends on how much loose change people have. We use a simple laboratory experiment to measure the effect on donor choices of (i) whether the choices are presented verbally or non-verbally, and (ii) whether the participants have a large amount of loose change. We find strong evidence for both effects. These effects may explain some of the variation in the average level of generosity found in different Dictator Game results, and why laboratory experiments elicit levels of generosity that are often much higher than in non-laboratory settings. Length: 37 pages Creation-Date: 2013-11 Revision-Date: 2013-11 File-URL: http://www.otago.ac.nz/economics/otago085203.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf File-Function: First version, 2013 Number: 1318 Classification-JEL: C91, D64 Keywords: charitable giving; Dictator Game; power of asking; loose change effects Handle: RePEc:otg:wpaper:1318